1. 
   1
   See a veterinarian. A nosebleed is often a symptom of an underlying condition. Therefore, if you notice a nosebleed in your dog, you need to take it to the vet as soon as possible to get a diagnosis. Often, your dog will continue to get nosebleeds if the underlying condition isn’t treated.^[6]

   • Expect tests. Because a nosebleed can indicate a wide variety of conditions, your doctor will need to do a full examination, plus a range of tests. The tests will likely include taking both a blood sample and a urine sample for analysis. Your vet may also order x-rays or a CAT scan to help to determine what is wrong.^[7]
   • Nosebleeds in dogs can be caused by more minor issues such as high blood pressure, dental disease, a fungal infection, or mild trauma (including having something stuck in the nose). Your dog may also have a problem with blood clotting. Some more serious possibilities include the chance of a tumor or cancer, problems from eating rat poison, and diseases passed from ticks.^[8]
   • The most common causes for nosebleeds are infections, trauma, and tumors.^[9] A few other possibilities include Rocky Mountain spotted fever or a thyroid issue.^[10]
2. 
   2
   Think about possible causes. It can help your vet if you think about possible connections to the nose bleed. For instance, if you know your dog got into rat poison (which can also happen if they eat a rodent contaminated with poison), that’s a connection. Another connection is if the dog experienced any trauma recently, such as running into something. Foxtails, a type of grass with a spiky end, can also be a problem if your dog has had a run-in with it recently, as the end can go up the dog’s nose and get stuck.^[11]

   • Medications can also cause nosebleeds, particularly NSAIDs (like ibuprofen).
3. 
   3
   Understand how the vet may stop the nosebleed. If your dog’s nose won’t stop bleeding, your doctor may need to employ some other tactics than you used. They may use epinephrine drops on the nose, for instance, or they may put your dog under anesthesia and pack its nose with gauze.^[12]

   • Your vet may also have to cauterize the end of the blood vessels to stop the nosebleeds.
   • If your dog has lost a lot of blood, it may need a blood transfusion, which your vet can provide.
   • Ask about antibiotics or antifungals for infections. If your dog has an infection, a round of antibiotics or antifungals may be needed to treat the infection. Once the infection has been banished by the medications, the nosebleeds should go away, too.^[13]
4. 
   4
   Know a plasma transfusion may be needed. If your dog has von Willebrand’s disease, it may need a plasma transfusion to help treat it.^[14] Von Willebrand’s disease, often inherited, is found in both dogs and humans. Basically, the blood doesn’t clot as well as it should, causing excessive bleeding.^[15]

   • After the bleeding has stopped and your dog has had a plasma transfusion, your doctor may recommend that it begin taking a round of drugs intended to treat the disease.
5. 
   5
   Remove the object if something is lodged. If your dog ran into something that become lodged in its nose, the vet will need to remove the object. Doing so may cause more bleeding for a bit, but the nosebleeds should clear up eventually.^[16]

   • Your vet may be able to remove the object with tweezers. If they can’t remove the object, they may need to move on to surgery.
6. 
   6
   Understand other options. If the problem is a tumor, a build-up from a fungal infection, or a badly lodged object, surgery will likely need to be performed on your dog. Of course, your vet will need to make this call, and they will provide you with the options you have for your dog’s care.^[17]

   • Depending on what’s causing the problem, your dog may need other treatments, such as immunosuppressive therapy. Prednisone may be prescribed if the problem has to do with the platelets in the blood. Chemotherapy or radiation therapy may be needed if the cause is cancer. Your dog may also need to stay in the hospital for a period of time for treatment.^[18]
7. 
   7
   Follow your vet’s directions at home. Once your dog comes home, you’ll need to follow all of your vet’s instructions. Your dog will need to be kept calm. A crate can help in severe cases. You’ll also likely need to give your dog medications, either pills or a spray for the nostrils, which your vet will show you how to apply.^[19]

1. 
   1
   Watch for blood. Obviously, the main symptom of a nosebleed is a slow, steady flow of blood dripping from your dog’s nose. However, you may not notice the flow right away. Watch for the skin around the nose changing color (turning darker because of the blood).^[20]

   • You may also see swelling around the mouth and nose.^[21]
2. 
   2
   Look for signs of distress. Even if you don’t notice the blood right away, your dog is likely to know something is wrong or different. It will likely paw at its nose as a nosebleed starts because it can feel the blood starting to come out.^[22]
3. 
   3
   Give your dog’s breath a sniff. As a dog owner, you know dog breath is rarely pleasant. However, nosebleeds can cause even worse breath, particularly if they are chronic. If you notice your dog’s breath suddenly getting worse, it could be because of nosebleeds or the underlying cause.^[23]
4. 
   4
   Pay attention to your dog’s eating habits. If your dog suddenly stops eating, that could also be a sign of nosebleeds. More likely, it’s a sign of the underlying condition causing the nosebleed. Either way, if your dog stops eating, it needs to see a vet.^[24]

   • While your dog may still be eating, you should also note if it’s losing weight over time.
5. 
   5
   Check out your dog’s feces. This job is definitely not a fun one. However, you don’t need to dig around in your dog’s feces. Rather, you just need to note the color. If it’s especially dark and sticky, that could mean your dog has been swallowing blood from a nosebleed.^[25]

reference: https://www.wikihow.com/Treat-Nosebleeds-in-Dogs

1. 
   1
   Take your dog to the vet as soon as possible. If your dog has frostbite, you should get them treated by a vet immediately. The veterinarian will examine your dog, evaluate the degree of damage, and take measures for treating the frostbite, as well as any other condition such as systemic shock or hypothermia.^[6]

   • Wrap your dog in warm towels on your way to the vet. Don’t turn the heat up too high as you drive. Instead, keep the car at a mild, warm temperature.
2. 
   2
   Get pain medication. The vet may decide that the thawing skin will cause your dog too much pain. They may give your dog a prescription pain medication to help relieve their symptoms.^[7]

   • Don’t give your dog any over-the-counter pain medications. Many of these medications can be toxic to dogs. This may also mean that the vet is not able to prescribe anything stronger to your dog for pain.
3. 3
   Have your dog undergo extra measures to warm up. If your dog is still not warmed up enough, the vet will do additional procedures to raise their temperature and unthaw the skin. They may be given warm IV fluids or a warm water enema to help raise their internal temperature.^[8]
4. 4
   Treat secondary infections with antibiotics. If your dog has severe frostbite that resulted in dead tissue, the vet may prescribe antibiotics. These medications will help prevent a secondary bacterial infection. If your dog already has an infection around the tissue, they will be given antibiotics.^[9]
5. 5
   Remove dead tissue surgically. If your pet has dead tissue or dead body parts, they will need to be removed. The vet may amputate affected body parts or surgically remove the necrotic tissues. This is rare and only for severe cases.^[10]

   • While your dog is anesthetized, the vet will debride the dead tissue to reach the healthy tissue. Several surgeries may be required to accomplish this since it may take time to see the full extent of the damage.

1. 1
   Check for pale, gray skin. Dogs that have frostbite will has discolored skin. This discoloration makes the skin appear pale, gray, or bluish instead of their skin normal color.^[11]

   • This can be very hard to see, so you may need to look under their fur at different patches of skin.
2. 2
   Monitor the most common areas affected. Frostbite is not easy to see on your pet. You may not notice they have frostbite unless you really check out their body. If you want to monitor your dog for frostbite, keep an eye on the extremities of the body.^[12]

   • This includes the ears, lips, tail, face, feet, and scrotum.
3. 3
   Feel for cold skin. Another way you can tell if your beloved pet has frostbite is by touching it. Dog’s skin should be warm. Skin that is frostbitten will feel brittle or cold when touched, and the dog may also lack sensation in the affected areas.
4. 4
   Search for red skin. When the frostbitten skin starts to warm up, it can become red and swollen. This area may be painful for your dog.^[13]

   • The skin may develop skin blisters or ulcers if it’s second degree frostbite.
5. 
   5
   Notice peeling skin. If the skin that was frostbitten died, the dead tissue may start peeling off over a few weeks. This may be accompanied by cracking and extremely dry patches of skin.^[14]
6. 
   6
   Look for darkened or dead skin. If your dog gets really bad frostbite, the skin will start turning dark. It may turn black after a few days. This is evidence of third degree frostbite.^[15]

   • There may be a clear line between damaged and healthy tissue on the skin.
   • These areas may have pus from a bacterial infection and the affected area may have a foul smell.
7. 
   7
   Monitor your dog for days after being in extreme cold. The signs of frostbite may not appear immediately. Your pet may be suffering from frostbite for a few days before they even begin to show symptoms. After being outside with your dog in extreme cold conditions, or if they came into contact with ice or snow, watch them carefully for any symptoms of frostbite.^[16]
8. 
   8
   Determine if your dog is at risk. Some dogs are more susceptible to frostbite than others. Knowing whether or not your dog is at a high risk can help you take extra precautions to protect them from frostbite. Small, short-haired dogs have a higher risk than other dogs.^[17]

   • Dogs that are wet in cold weather can easily get frostbite.
   • Dogs that are sensitive to cold weather due to age or an illness may be more likely to get frostbite.
   • Dogs who spend long periods of time outside without adequate warm, dry shelter can easily develop frostbite.

   reference: https://www.wikihow.com/Treat-Frostbite-in-Dogs

1. 
   1
   Gather supplies. You will need some medical supplies to treat your dog’s wound. Items needed include:^[3]

   • Warm water: placing a small dog in a sink or a large dog in the bathtub works great for this, plus it makes cleanup easy.
   • Scissors or clippers (do not use electric clippers around water though).
   • Clean, dry towels.
   • Antiseptic cleaner.
   • Optional supplies: Triple antibiotic ointment, water-based lubricant (for protecting the wound from hair while clipping), and a muzzle (if your dog bites).
2. 
   2
   Protect yourself. Put on gloves to protect your hands. Also, if you think your dog may bite you, put a muzzle on him.

   • If you don’t own one, a simple one can be made by using a three foot length of gauze. Make a loop near the center. Place the loop over the muzzle and around the mouth. Tighten the loop and loop the two free ends behind the ears and tie in a snug bow tie.
3. 
   3
   Remove the fur around the wound. Place the dog in the bathtub or sink without running any water. Use a towel or bath mat on the sink or bath bottom to provide secure footing if needed. You may want to have a second person hold your dog steady while you work at carefully clipping the hair away from the wound edges. Remove an inch of hair around the wound.

   • You can place the lubricant in the wound prior to doing so to keep the hair out of the wound. It will wash away when you wash the wound.
   • The hair is clipped away to allow the wound to be seen easily, to keep hair from covering the wound, and to help when you need to wash away any drainage.
4. 
   4
   Clean the wound. After you are finished removing the surrounding fur, set the scissors or clippers aside and run the water until it is warm to the touch. Hot water or cold water will be painful, so avoid these temperature extremes. Run water over the wound for two to three minutes to remove any visible and invisible contaminants, and then gently wash with antiseptic for a minute. Too strong antiseptic can be damaging to tissue, so always following the directions on the label for the correct dilution

   • Rinse again for two to three minutes and then turn the water off.
5. 
   5
   Dry the wound. Blot the wound and surrounding skin dry. Be sure to use a clean towel, so that the wound does not get infected.

   • Generally the wound will be left open to heal, as it is hard to get bandages to adhere to the dog’s skin and they tend to chew them off.
   • You can place a thin layer of the antibiotic ointment on the wound, but dogs are likely to lick this off unless you keep a constant careful eye on them.
6. 
   6
   Monitor the laceration. With timely and proper wound care most simple lacerations will heal just fine. Look at the wound every couple of hours the first day, and then check it four to five times a day for the next couple of days. Look for any sign of infection, which include:^[4]

   • Redness to the surrounding skin.
   • Failure to heal.
   • Swelling or puffy appearance to skin and wound.
   • Drainage beyond day one.
   • Pain.
7. 
   7
   Seek veterinary help, if needed. If in doubt, please seek veterinary help. Your pet may require antibiotics for any infection, or possibly stitches to close the wound.

reference: https://www.wikihow.com/Treat-Lacerations-on-Dogs

1. 
   1
   Look for the signs of GDV/bloat. Bloat occurs after eating, as the weight of food in the stomach makes it more pendulous. The risk is greatly increased if the dog is exercised soon after eating. The signs to look for include:^[8]

   • Restlessness, pacing, and difficulty settling as if in discomfort.
   • Drooling saliva.
   • Trying to be sick but not bringing anything up.
   • Rapid breathing and a racing heart, even at rest.
   • Progressive swelling of the belly (this isn’t always obvious until the later stages).
   • Pale gums.
   • Collapse.
2. 
   2
   Take your dog to the vet if in doubt. Untreated bloat is ultimately fatal, often within hours. Also, the longer treatment is delayed, the greater risk of complications even if treated. Thus, it is crucial to seek emergency veterinary attention if you suspect that GDV is even a possibility.

   • It is better to have a false alarm than to wait and see what happens and have the dog deteriorate.
3. 
   3
   Understand how seriously and quickly bloat affects a dog. Bloat is such a serious condition for a number of reasons. Initially, not only is the stomach twisted with fermenting gut contents trapped inside, but the blood supply to the stomach is also twisted and impaired. This cuts off the blood supply to the stomach and its tissues start to die. The body rapidly goes into a state of shock, which in itself can be life-threatening.^[9]

   • As the stomach swells, this compresses the major blood vessels to the abdomen and impedes blood returning to the heart, which worsens the shock. Also, toxins from the gut contents get into the bloodstream, and this plus electrolyte disturbances can trigger irregular heartbeats which can lead to a heart attack. In addition, micro blood clots form, which lodge in the organs and send them into failure.
   • A combination of shock, blood clots, and a necrotic (dying) stomach and (possibly) spleen, mean that some dogs die after only a few hours of illness.

   reference: https://www.wikihow.com/Treat-Gastric-Torsion-and-Bloat-in-Labrador-Retrievers

1. 1
   Determine if the paw needs to be bandaged. Just as when you remove a splinter from your own finger, not all splinter wounds on dogs need to be bandaged after removal. If the puncture wound is tiny, and the dog is now happy to stand on the paw, then do not bandage. Instead, ease back on his exercise for a couple of days, and bathe the paw in salty water after a walk in order to remove road grit.

   • If after two days the area looks dry and clean, there is no pus or smelly discharge, and he is walking soundly, then you can return to normal.
   • Bandaging would be needed if the puncture hole is large, there is a smelly discharge from the hole, your dog still isn’t fully placing weight on his paw after several minutes, or you are not confident that the whole of the splinter came out.^[8]
2. 2
   Apply triple antibiotic ointment to the affected area. Preventing infection will be very important after you have removed the splinter. To apply the ointment, place a thick coat of triple antibiotic ointment onto a clean, non-stick 2×2 gauze pad and gently press the pad against your dog’s paw.^[9] Alternatively, you can apply the ointment directly to the affected area on your dog’s paw.

   • Neosporin is a triple antibiotic ointment for humans, but you can use it on your dog to treat the area from where you removed the splinter.^[10]
   • If you choose to apply the ointment directly to the paw, you will still need to press the gauze against the paw to keep the ointment in place.
3. 3
   Secure the gauze pad to your dog’s paw. To do this, you will need two strips of adhesive tape that are several inches long. Rather than using Scotch tape, use the white adhesive tape that you can find at your local pharmacy.^[11]

   • While still holding your dog’s paw up, attach one strip of tape on each side of the gauze and press the tape down on your dog’s leg several inches up from the wound. This should look something like a splint.^[12]
4. 
   4
   Wrap cotton gauze around your dog’s paw. Cotton gauze is a roll of white, non-stick gauze that is available at your local pharmacy. Keep your dog’s toes uncovered as you wrap the gauze, and continue to wrap it several inches up your dog’s leg. Be careful not to wrap too tightly, since this could cut off circulation. Your dog’s toes will feel cold if there is no circulation. Wrapping too tightly could also cause your dog’s toes to swell. If you notice that you have wrapped the gauze too tightly, immediately loosen the gauze and wrap again more loosely.^[13]

   • Keeping the toes uncovered will allow you to see if they’re swollen or feel cold.
   • If the gauze is too difficult to tear, use scissors to cut the gauze.
5. 
   5
   Wrap a self-adhesive bandage over the cotton gauze. The self-adhesive bandage will keep the cotton gauze in place. You can purchase this type of bandage at your local pharmacy. As with the cotton gauze, do not wrap this bandage too tightly.^[14] Cut the bandage with scissors if you are not able to tear it.

   • Cover the bandage with a plastic bag when your dog goes outside to keep the bandage clean and dry.^[15]
6. 
   6
   Prevent your dog from removing the bandage. Your dog will probably try to do everything he can to remove the bandage, which could lengthen the wound-healing process. Other than keeping a close eye on him and stopping him when you see him chew at the bandage, you can put an Elizabethan collar (e-collar) around his neck.^[16] An e-collar is one of the most effective methods to keep a pet from bothering their bandage.

   • If he chews off the bandage, take this opportunity to inspect the affected area. If the area looks clean without signs of infection (redness, swelling, discharge), you probably will not need to reapply the bandage. If you are unsure, contact your veterinarian for advice.
   • If your dog has managed to remove the bandage, he may have also licked the Neosporin. Neosporin can be toxic to dogs, causing signs such as vomiting, drooling, and loss of appetite. If you observe these signs after your dog has removed the bandage, contact the Pet Poison Hotline or your veterinarian immediately.^[17]
7. 
   7
   Remove the bandage after one to two days. The wound caused by a splinter is typically not very serious, so it is not necessary to keep the bandage on for an extended period of time. However, if you notice that the affected area hasn’t healed after several days, take your dog to your vet for closer examination.^[18]

   • When you remove the bandage and clean off the excess triple antibiotic ointment, the affected area should look clean without any swelling. You should not see any redness or any type of discharge coming from the wound.
   • If you see swelling, redness, or discharge, it is quite possible that the wound has become infected. Take your dog to your vet for further treatment.

   reference: https://www.wikihow.com/Treat-Dog-Splinters

1. 1

   Take your dog to a veterinarian. The veterinarian will do a general examination, ask questions about the onset of signs, and take blood samples to check for signs of shock and internal organ damage. Radiographs (X-rays) are generally taken, which will demonstrate the bloated stomach along with the twist in the stomach.

   • In some cases, a needle will be stuck into abdominal cavity and suction is applied to the syringe. This is done to determine if the stomach has ruptured, an unfortunate outcome in some cases of bloat.
   • A tube may be passed through the patient’s mouth and into the stomach to relieve the pressure of air buildup. Occasionally a tube will be placed directly through the skin and muscle into the stomach to relieve the pressure in the stomach.
   • An intravenous (IV) line will be placed in a vein to provide medications and fluids.
2. 2

   Discuss surgical options for your dog. The treatment of bloat is surgery to untwist the stomach and to suture part of the stomach to the inside of the abdomen wall to prevent it from recurring. This is called a gastropexy.^[8]

   • If the stomach ruptured the stomach will be repaired and the internal abdomen will be flushed. Dogs will be closely monitored after surgery. Generally the dog will be placed on antibiotics and pain killers before and after surgery.
3. 3

   Help your dog through recovery. Depending on your veterinarian clinic and how intensive the surgery was, the dog will need to remain hospitalized for up to 7 days. After that, you will need to be gentle with it and help it recover gradually. This means keeping it from licking or gnawing on stitches, as well as limiting its activity.

   • Sadly, up to 15% of dogs with bloat do not survive surgery despite the skill of the veterinarian.^[9]

1. 1

   Feed your dog multiple small meals a day. Researchers at Purdue University have compiled research into the causes and prevention of bloat in large-breed dogs, such as the Great Dane.^[10] Through this valuable research, they have determined that many ways to prevent bloat revolve around how you feed your dog. One key prevention technique is to feed your dog multiple small meals, instead of one big meal.

   • For dry food feed, give your dog no more than one cup per thirty pounds of body weight per meal.
2. 2

   Do not feed from a raised bowl. Feed from a bowl on the ground, which provides a better angle for the dog. This also applies to water bowls as well.

   • There is some controversy surrounding whether this actually impacts a dog’s chances of developing bloat. However, what little research there is suggests that not using a raised dish may help.^[11]
3. 3

   Slow down your dog’s eating. If your dog is a greedy eater and gulps its food, invest in a food dish that forces the dog to eat slower such as the slow feeder or fun feeder. Slowing down your dog’s eating will help it more slowly digest its food, and will lessen the chances the stomach turns due to excess food.^[12]

   • You should also restrict gorging on water, as this can impact the dog’s stomach as well.^[13]
4. 
   4

   Restrict activity immediately after eating. Wait one hour before and two hours after eating before letting your dog exercise or before going for walks. Especially avoid vigorous exercise that involve running, jumping, or swimming.^[14]

   • Activity increases the chance of the stomach turning. Instead, let your dog have some quiet, calm time to digest its meal.
5. 
   5

   Control your dog’s diet. This means that if you live in a rural area, don’t allow your Great Dane to roam. He or she may find unsuitable food (deer or other animal carcasses, piles of grain left over from harvesting), gorge on them, and then develop bloat.

   • Also, do not feed table scraps to your Great Dane. A large-breed dog, such as the Great Dane, needs a controlled diet.
6. 
   6

   Feed an energy-dense diet. An energy-dense diet should be given to your dog to reduce the risk of bloat because it will mean that you have to feed the dog less for it to get enough calories. Check labels so that fat isn’t in the top four ingredients.^[15]

   • Ask your veterinarian for advice if you are uncertain what to feed.
7. 
   7

   Do not feed an all dry food diet. Include wet foods, for instance the canned variety of the food you are feeding, or large meat chunks in the diet. Again, ask your veterinarian for advice if you aren’t sure what to feed.^[16]

   • However, do not moisten dry food. Get a canned variety of the food if you want to add a little wet food to the diet.
8. 
   8

   Consider preventative surgery. Discuss with your veterinarian if your Great Dane would be a good candidate for a precautionary gastropexy. The procedure consists of attaching the stomach to the abdominal wall, which prevents it from turning. ^[17]

   • Military service dogs (large breeds like German shepherd and Belgian Malinois) are frequently given a precautionary gastropexy to avoid any emergency situations when they are on the battlefield.^[18]
   • However, most owners opt to monitor their large and giant breed dogs, instead of taking this measure.

   reference: https://www.wikihow.com/Treat-Bloat-in-Great-Danes

1. 1
   If your dog is bright, alert, and the wound is not bleeding, you can clean the wound at home. A nip or skin wound is fine to treat at home. Once you clean the wound, you can contact your vet to confirm if the dog should be brought in to be checked.
2. 2
   Clip the fur around the wound. To see the full extent of the damage, use a pair of scissors, ideally with curved blades, to trim the hair away from the wound edges. Start trimming at the wound edge and snip around the area until the whole wound is exposed. Repeat this for all the bite wounds you can see.^[4]

   • Keep the blades parallel to the dog’s skin, and look carefully to make sure you are not about to snip any skin. You may want to keep the scissors a fraction of an inch above the dog’s skin to prevent accidental injury.
   • Curved scissors help you to avoid accidental snips because the blade curves away from the skin. You can improvise with a pair of nail scissors if you do not have curved scissors.
   • If you use a small pair of regular scissors, work with the tips rather than the whole blade for finer control.
3. 3
   Bathe the wound in saline solution. Saline solution is ideal because it is sympathetic to the exposed tissue and will not dry it out.

   • If you do not have access to a first aid kit with saline, you can make a salt water solution. Use 16 ounces of previously boiled water and stir in one teaspoon of salt. Allow the solution to cool to body temperature and then soak cotton wool in the salt water, and use it to clean the injuries.
4. 4
   Ask someone to assist you as you clean your dog’s wound. Your dog will likely wiggle around and get jumpy or cranky as you try to assess and clean the bite, so ask a friend or neighbor to hold his head to steady him.

   • If you cannot get someone to assist you, use a tie or cord as a muzzle. To do this, wind the tie around and around his muzzle with his mouth shut, and then tie the ends on themselves.^[5]
5. 5
   If your dog has puncture wounds, bring him to the vet. Puncture wounds are usually circular and measure less than a quarter of an inch across. These wounds are inflicted by the attacker’s canine teeth and do not always need to be sutured as they may heal on their own. But it’s best to get the puncture wound checked by a vet, because sometimes there is a pocket of dead space beneath the puncture.

   • Dead Space occurs when the skin is wrenched away from the underlying tissues and is no longer attached. This forms a pocket, into which seepage of serum, or pus, can prevent healing. Dead Space may need surgical attention to tack it down, in order for the wound to heal.^[6]

1. 
   1
   Ask your vet to assess the extent of the bite and determine if sutures are needed. If the wound does not need suturing, you can expect it to scab over, and a week or so later the scab will peel away to reveal healed tissue underneath.

   • Check the scabbed area every day to ensure it is dry and there is no pus present. Daily bathing with a cotton wool ball soaked in saline helps to keep the area clean and reduce the risk of infection. If the area starts to swell, or pus is discharging from the wound, consult with your vet.
2. 
   2
   Allow your vet to suture the wound. Wounds longer than half an inch may need suturing. This can often be done under sedation and local anesthetic, unless the dog is aggressive or the wound in a difficult to access,in which case general anesthesia is required.

   • Your veterinarian freshens the wound edges to provide a healthy healing surface and then places sutures. These stay in place for 10-14 days and can be removed without sedation, since it is a non painful procedure to snip the suture and pull it out.
   • Check the sutures every day to make sure the area is dry, there is no pus discharge and it is not swollen. If the wound gets muddy, keep it clean by gently bathing it with cotton wool soaked in salty water.
   • Make sure your dog can not lick at the wound, which may mean covering the wound with a T-shirt or putting a buster collar on the dog. If the wound becomes red, swollen, or there is a pus discharge, check in with your vet.
3. 
   3
   Get pain relief medication from your vet. Your dog is likely to be bruised and sore, and 4- 5 days of pain relief will be a much needed kindness for him. Usually, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are supplied. These act by inhibiting the release of chemical messengers (cyclooxygenases) in the body that encourage inflammation and pain.^[7]

   • This medication will come as a liquid and should be given with or after food in order to reduce the risk of gastric ulceration.
   • The dose is 0.1mg/kg given orally once a day. A typical dose is 1 milliliter (0.034  fl oz) of meloxicam (1.5mg/ml strength) for each 15 kg of body weight.^[8]
4. 
   4
   Ask your vet if antibiotics are needed. Depending on the vet, they may or may not prescribe antibiotics, but dog bites are not sterile so antibiotics are a wise precaution.

   • A broad spectrum antibiotic like a potentiated amoxycillin can work against the bugs commonly found in a dog’s mouth. This antibiotic acts by interfering with the bacterial metabolism and also disrupts their cell membrane.
   • A typical dose is 12.5mg/kg twice a day orally for 5-7 days. So, for example, a 20 kg dog takes a 250mg tablet twice a day.^[9]

   reference: https://www.wikihow.com/Treat-Dog-Bite-Wounds-on-Dogs

1. 
   1
   Begin treating the underlying cause of the stroke. If tests reveal canine stroke, your doctor will discuss with you the causes that led to the condition. There are no specific treatments for a stroke except for targeting the underlying cause of the condition.^[3]

   • An ischemic stroke is associated with such conditions as diabetes, improper functioning thyroid glands, heart or kidney disease and hypertension. A hemorrhagic stroke is often due to a blood clot, hypertension, rat poisoning and compromised blood vessels.
   • Other causes of stroke include brain tumors and head trauma. Once the condition is diagnosed as a canine stroke and the underlying cause is identified, your vet can implement a treatment plan.
2. 
   2
   Follow your vet’s instructions for home care. Most cases of canine stroke can be managed at home, once the vet has made a diagnosis. Your vet may prescribe medications, and they will also explain how to care for your dog and monitor its condition at home. Your dog may feel disoriented and have difficulty walking. Home nursing for your dog may involve:

   • Making sure your dog has a comfortable bed.
   • Carrying your dog outside so it can go to the bathroom.
   • Placing food and water within easy reach near your dog’s bed.
   • Giving your dog any medication prescribed by your vet.
   • You can also give your dog a daily massage to increase its ability to move around. Use the palm of your hand to rub its entire body.
3. 
   3
   Allow your dog to be hospitalized, if your vet recommends it. For severe strokes or strokes caused by trauma, the vet may wish to keep your dog in the hospital for observation and treatment. If the cause of the stroke is trauma, the first step will be to decrease any swelling within the brain and to keep re-hydrating your dog. Your dog will be given an IV of fluids so that he can get hydrated.

   • Medications such as Amlodipine may be administered to control high blood pressure, if the stroke was caused by hypertension.
   • Other medications may also be given, including an anti-inflammatory such as an NSAID if swelling is evident, antibiotics for a diagnosis of infection, a sedative for ataxia and disorientation, an antiemetic for vomiting and stomach distress, and anticonvulsants to control seizures.
   • Your dog will be placed in a soft, comfortable position during treatment so that his head is not laying below the rest of his body. This position will help to promote proper blood flow.
4. 
   4
   Make sure your dog is monitored at all times during recovery. At-home care involves constant monitoring of your pet during recovery. You may need to employ the assistance of others, such as having your neighbor look in on your dog if you have to leave the house. You could also hire a pet sitter to keep an eye on your dog when you are away.

   • Consider taking long lunch breaks to go and check on your dog, or work from home if you are able to. You could also ask if you can bring your dog to work.
5. 
   5
   Give your dog any medications prescribed by the vet. Medications may also be prescribed to help your dog fully recover from a stroke and possibly prevent further attacks. Dogs with symptoms of ataxia and disorientation may be given a sedative. Other medications may include:

   • An antiemetic for vomiting issues.
   • An anti-inflammatory for swelling symptoms.
   • Antibiotics for infections.
   • Anticonvulsants to control seizures and prevent future strokes.
   • Antiplatelet drugs similar to Plavix, an anticoagulant for long-term therapy for the prevention of blood clots.
   • Drugs that increase the supply of blood oxygen to the brain, such propentofylline (Vivitonin).
6. 
   6
   Discuss your dog’s prognosis with your vet. How quickly your dog recovers depends on a variety of factors, including the severity of the stroke and any underlying health problems. Severe strokes may lead to permanent disability. However, with proper treatment, you can maximize your dog’s quality of life and help it adjust to problems such as poor balance.

   • Your vet may recommend physical therapy to help your dog regain functionality and learn to compensate for permanent physical symptoms.

   reference: https://www.wikihow.com/Treat-Canine-Stroke

1. 
   1
   Take your dog to a veterinarian. If your dog’s nose bled or is bleeding it should be taken to a veterinarian. If the bleeding stopped quickly after the sneeze, then you can call your veterinary office, discuss the issue, and make an appointment to bring your dog in. If the bleeding has not stopped or took a long time to stop, then the dog should be taken to a veterinarian immediately, as the blood loss alone can be a threat to your dog’s health.

   • If your regular veterinary office is closed while your dog’s nose is bleeding, then you should take your dog to an emergency pet hospital in your area. If your dog’s nose stopped bleeding shortly after the sneeze, call the emergency pet hospital and discuss whether to bring the dog in or to wait until the dog’s normal veterinary office is open.
2. 
   2
   Approve veterinary testing. In order to get a diagnosis, your veterinarian will need to do a variety of tests on your dog. These tests, which may require several rounds of testing, will allow your vet to narrow in on the cause of the bleeding. Possible tests your vet will want to perform include:

   • Blood cell count
   • Urinalysis
   • X-rays
   • Rhinoscopy^[5]
   • Blood pressure
   • Cultures from nose
   • Additional specialized testing
3. 
   3
   Treat the underlying cause of bleeding. There are a variety of things that could be causing your dog’s nose to bleed. Once your veterinarian gives you a definitive diagnosis, they should also present you with a treatment plan.^[6]

   • Your dog’s bloody nose could have simply been caused by the force of your dog sneezing or by a foreign body in the nose. If this is the case your dog should easily recover on its own once any foreign bodies are removed. However, this may not be the case if there is an underlying problem with the dog’s blood clotting ability.
   • Your dog’s bloody nose could be caused by a simple sinus infection. A sinus infection is usually treated with a round of antibiotics and can be cleared up quickly.^[7]
   • Your dog’s bloody nose could be caused by a tumor. Treatment for a malignant tumor usually includes surgery and chemotherapy, although these treatments can be difficult for tumors in the sinuses.^[8]
   • Your dog’s bloody nose could be caused by an infection in its teeth that traveled up into its sinus cavity. If the dog’s teeth are infected, your dog will need to go to a veterinary dentist and have its dental infection treated.

   reference: https://www.wikihow.com/Treat-a-Dog-Sneezing-Blood